During visual navigation, which method is used in conjunction with pilotage?

The correct answer is the method of dead reckoning. In visual navigation, pilotage involves navigating by reference to visible landmarks and features on the ground. Dead reckoning complements this method by allowing pilots to calculate their current position based on a previously determined position, taking into account factors such as time, speed, and direction of travel.

This technique is particularly useful in areas where landmarks may not be visible or when weather conditions do not permit visual navigation alone. By using dead reckoning, pilots can maintain situational awareness and keep track of their intended flight path, which enhances the effectiveness of pilotage. Pilots combine visual reference to their surroundings with dead reckoning calculations to ensure they remain on course and manage the navigation process more effectively.

The other methods listed may not directly support the combination with pilotage as dead reckoning does. For instance, automation generally relies on instruments rather than visual cues, and route planning is a preliminary step taken before the flight rather than a method used during the flight itself.